F. I. M. SALIH, AND LE. ABDEL WAHAB

 Poultry Research Unit, Kulfi. P.0. Bax 89 Industrial Area, Khartoum North, Sudan.

SAMMARY

 Varying levels of sun dried poultry manure (SDPM) has been tested as a replacement for a controlled poultry diet and fed to two breeds of laying birds at 5 weeks of age for I3 weeks. ‘ Birds of the two breeds fed on diets containing 10,15 and 20% SDPM grew significantly slower compared with those fed on the control diet. The growth rates of birds of the two breeds were inversely related to the manure content of the diet. The total food intake of those fed SDPM were substantially higher than the control. Conversely , the total ME intake of those fed SDPM was substantially lower than the control.

INTRODUCTION

The utilization of chicken manure by the domestic fowl has been studied exte- usivcfy in several reports ( Wehunt et al, l960. Warden and Schaible, 1961, Bez- ares and Avilla, I980, Rossing et al., l980 and Prasad and Salagopan, I982). However, the results of these reports show a wide range oi‘ variation. In the available literature there does not appear to be any record of investigating the utilization of poultry manure in thejeeding of chickens in the Sudan. There- fore the present work endeavours to make such a contribution. Al though poultry farming in the Sudan has entered a new aera of modern- isation, the production did not keep pace with the explosive rise in the demand of poultry products. The recent drought which hit the area and the occurance of low rain fall hada direct influence on the high cost of cereal grains and protein concentrate which together constitute over 60% of poultry diets.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

 Four diets were compounded ( Table 1) in such a wziy that Dl, D2,D3, and Dfl contained 0, 10, l5 and 20 7; SDPM, respectively. Dl contained no SDPM    and served as control. Droppings used were collected from a deep litter conven- tional laying house, sun dried and were mixed with the rations. They were ana lysed for dry matter, crude protein, ash, ether extract and calcium (Table 2).

 The experiment involved two commercial layer breeds i. e Hissex white (Bl) and Hissex Brown (B2). One hundred day old ckicks from each breed were divi- ded into four groups of 25 chicks each. The resulting eight groups were housed in conventional brooders ( 4.5 x 2.8 x2,5 Meters) on wood shaving litter.

 Before the start of the experimental period the birds were placed on a four- week pre- experimental period during whifll they were offered the control diet    Dl. The experimental period enable the chicks to get accustomed to the exper- iment environment. Starting day – one on the fifth week the breed groups were allocated at random to the treatments and continued for a 13 – week feeding period. Feed and water were freely available. e _ V Intake of food, live weight and mortalities were recorded. Statistical analysis were performed by \determining group menus and the standard error of the mean with mathematical difference determined by employ- ing student ”t” test ( Snedecor and Cochran, 1967).

RESULTS AND Discussion

Values for growth rate, food and energy intake and morilalty rate are shown in Table 3. s

 A total of two birds from Bl and one bird from “B2 died during the exper- imental period. This suggests that the disease hazard df feeding snndried poultry waste is reasonably low. It was observed that the inclusion of SDPM signific- antly deprcssed the mean body weights of both breeds compared with the control diet. On the other hand body weight was significantly lower with D 3 and D4 than D2. These results are in agreement with those of Beily etll. G972) and,    Ogunmodede and . rninge (I978) in showing that the inclusion of 50 grams or more poultry waste /Kgqesulted in a reduction in theweight and food utilintion of the chicken. However, these results contradicted the findings of ( Lee and Blair, I972, 1973. Biely and Stapleton, i916 and Bhargava and O. Neill 1975) who showed that broilers can be grown satisfactorily with diets containing up to 100 g processed poultry wastes /Kg. Q _ The results also showed than _Hissex Browns were significantly heavier and and their ‘food consumption was higher than Hissex Whites. It is interesting to note that vountary food, consmption of both breeds was increased linearly with the increase of inclusion rate of SDPM, while ME intake decreased . This might suggest that\the decrease in body weight was due to lower energy intake due to lower energy density with manure inclusion. – ‘ The objective of the experiment was to obtain information concerning possible utilimtion of the poultry manure by growing birds in the Sudan. Accordingly data reported herein demonstrated that I0‘X, or higher rates of SDPM adversely affect the growth rate of both breeds. Further work is needed to examine the inclusion of poultry waste at constant energy concentration.

ACKNOELDGEMENT:

we are grateful to the technical stafl” of poultry farm for their help, The stafl‘ of the central animal nutrition Lab.-Kuku for their help in analysing the droppings, to P,U.S. animal resources and director of animal production research Adminis- tration for their encouragement and permission to publish this work. Thanks are also due to Dr. Omer Abdel Rahim for helping.

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